feynman_I_9

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	10
Number of observations	100000
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	7.6 MiB
Average record size in memory	80.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	10

Warnings

`m1` has unique values	Unique
`m2` has unique values	Unique
`G` has unique values	Unique
`x1` has unique values	Unique
`x2` has unique values	Unique
`y1` has unique values	Unique
`y2` has unique values	Unique
`z1` has unique values	Unique
`z2` has unique values	Unique
`target` has unique values	Unique

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-07-29 16:23:11.693472
Analysis finished	2021-07-29 16:38:22.644129
Duration	15 minutes and 10.95 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.0.0
Download configuration	config.json

m1
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.499521481

Minimum	1.000005128
Maximum	1.999983278
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.000005128
5-th percentile	1.050618714
Q1	1.25114422
median	1.498828347
Q3	1.747573271
95-th percentile	1.949641741
Maximum	1.999983278
Range	0.9999781499
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.4964290519

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2879472974
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1920261237
Kurtosis	-1.192341485
Mean	1.499521481
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2482611242
Skewness	0.004513730183
Sum	149952.1481
Variance	0.08291364608
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.859443826	1	< 0.1%
1.00139683	1	< 0.1%
1.546881574	1	< 0.1%
1.062648549	1	< 0.1%
1.252751333	1	< 0.1%
1.306632017	1	< 0.1%
1.398622797	1	< 0.1%
1.154386723	1	< 0.1%
1.142588026	1	< 0.1%
1.177885251	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.000005128	1	< 0.1%
1.000012311	1	< 0.1%
1.000020696	1	< 0.1%
1.000024654	1	< 0.1%
1.000032125	1	< 0.1%
1.000040835	1	< 0.1%
1.000055073	1	< 0.1%
1.000070884	1	< 0.1%
1.000082176	1	< 0.1%
1.000088232	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.999983278	1	< 0.1%
1.999978094	1	< 0.1%
1.999977992	1	< 0.1%
1.99996889	1	< 0.1%
1.999968503	1	< 0.1%
1.99996563	1	< 0.1%
1.999949941	1	< 0.1%
1.999946578	1	< 0.1%
1.99994431	1	< 0.1%
1.999911672	1	< 0.1%

m2
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.498730947

Minimum	1.000008385
Maximum	1.999977481
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.000008385
5-th percentile	1.049713533
Q1	1.248477014
median	1.4968789
Q3	1.749218027
95-th percentile	1.950490596
Maximum	1.999977481
Range	0.9999690963
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.5007410129

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2890472884
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1928613598
Kurtosis	-1.202847442
Mean	1.498730947
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2503288852
Skewness	0.01245247772
Sum	149873.0947
Variance	0.08354833491
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.589649131	1	< 0.1%
1.692021413	1	< 0.1%
1.739991039	1	< 0.1%
1.96799587	1	< 0.1%
1.205342471	1	< 0.1%
1.578566241	1	< 0.1%
1.736715279	1	< 0.1%
1.568550374	1	< 0.1%
1.863521364	1	< 0.1%
1.235642026	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.000008385	1	< 0.1%
1.000037538	1	< 0.1%
1.000068482	1	< 0.1%
1.000088863	1	< 0.1%
1.000097547	1	< 0.1%
1.000108971	1	< 0.1%
1.000110715	1	< 0.1%
1.00012128	1	< 0.1%
1.000138886	1	< 0.1%
1.000140616	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.999977481	1	< 0.1%
1.99995589	1	< 0.1%
1.999953402	1	< 0.1%
1.9999194	1	< 0.1%
1.99990076	1	< 0.1%
1.999897822	1	< 0.1%
1.999897056	1	< 0.1%
1.999880272	1	< 0.1%
1.999874331	1	< 0.1%
1.999874216	1	< 0.1%

G
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.500207042

Minimum	1.000015133
Maximum	1.999997273
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.000015133
5-th percentile	1.049980448
Q1	1.250146826
median	1.500064692
Q3	1.750464768
95-th percentile	1.950184328
Maximum	1.999997273
Range	0.9999821403
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.5003179424

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2887145335
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1924497922
Kurtosis	-1.200997295
Mean	1.500207042
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2501248995
Skewness	-0.00292001358
Sum	150020.7042
Variance	0.08335608187
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.597526894	1	< 0.1%
1.071629473	1	< 0.1%
1.523066112	1	< 0.1%
1.037199806	1	< 0.1%
1.017470314	1	< 0.1%
1.922211042	1	< 0.1%
1.395519356	1	< 0.1%
1.33043885	1	< 0.1%
1.749022387	1	< 0.1%
1.93907678	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.000015133	1	< 0.1%
1.000027857	1	< 0.1%
1.000030505	1	< 0.1%
1.000039785	1	< 0.1%
1.00004972	1	< 0.1%
1.000067216	1	< 0.1%
1.000075947	1	< 0.1%
1.000077111	1	< 0.1%
1.000080117	1	< 0.1%
1.000082052	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.999997273	1	< 0.1%
1.999993105	1	< 0.1%
1.999974116	1	< 0.1%
1.99996586	1	< 0.1%
1.999963763	1	< 0.1%
1.99994109	1	< 0.1%
1.999937916	1	< 0.1%
1.999937167	1	< 0.1%
1.999936673	1	< 0.1%
1.999935931	1	< 0.1%

x1
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.49947053

Minimum	3.000006005
Maximum	3.99999401
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3.000006005
5-th percentile	3.049983126
Q1	3.248893144
median	3.498089591
Q3	3.749887996
95-th percentile	3.950687271
Maximum	3.99999401
Range	0.9999880048
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.5009948519

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2891707558
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0826327164
Kurtosis	-1.203669478
Mean	3.49947053
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.250611619
Skewness	0.005299180642
Sum	349947.053
Variance	0.08361972603
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.298641085	1	< 0.1%
3.585894851	1	< 0.1%
3.776548915	1	< 0.1%
3.233034234	1	< 0.1%
3.117277208	1	< 0.1%
3.720148628	1	< 0.1%
3.473602969	1	< 0.1%
3.575990373	1	< 0.1%
3.863049501	1	< 0.1%
3.263761711	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.000006005	1	< 0.1%
3.000008026	1	< 0.1%
3.000015477	1	< 0.1%
3.000041552	1	< 0.1%
3.000042877	1	< 0.1%
3.000078985	1	< 0.1%
3.000086507	1	< 0.1%
3.000093732	1	< 0.1%
3.000102786	1	< 0.1%
3.00011097	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.99999401	1	< 0.1%
3.999982898	1	< 0.1%
3.999980764	1	< 0.1%
3.999953475	1	< 0.1%
3.999944593	1	< 0.1%
3.999940545	1	< 0.1%
3.999931075	1	< 0.1%
3.999927089	1	< 0.1%
3.999911931	1	< 0.1%
3.999905532	1	< 0.1%

x2
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.499411646

Minimum	1.000005301
Maximum	1.999985039
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.000005301
5-th percentile	1.050136311
Q1	1.248891739
median	1.500171072
Q3	1.750174642
95-th percentile	1.949761594
Maximum	1.999985039
Range	0.9999797385
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.5012829029

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2887546378
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1925786281
Kurtosis	-1.201071705
Mean	1.499411646
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2506987092
Skewness	0.001131135315
Sum	149941.1646
Variance	0.08337924083
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.573143256	1	< 0.1%
1.325073458	1	< 0.1%
1.047166726	1	< 0.1%
1.143065096	1	< 0.1%
1.686809515	1	< 0.1%
1.667074722	1	< 0.1%
1.583167847	1	< 0.1%
1.89822915	1	< 0.1%
1.53085281	1	< 0.1%
1.611100029	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.000005301	1	< 0.1%
1.000009222	1	< 0.1%
1.000011921	1	< 0.1%
1.000013191	1	< 0.1%
1.000026161	1	< 0.1%
1.00002848	1	< 0.1%
1.000042023	1	< 0.1%
1.000043907	1	< 0.1%
1.000067802	1	< 0.1%
1.000070438	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.999985039	1	< 0.1%
1.999984336	1	< 0.1%
1.999982704	1	< 0.1%
1.999977149	1	< 0.1%
1.999970737	1	< 0.1%
1.999956032	1	< 0.1%
1.999955732	1	< 0.1%
1.999938757	1	< 0.1%
1.999930548	1	< 0.1%
1.999925447	1	< 0.1%

y1
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.500973501

Minimum	3.000007884
Maximum	3.999991252
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3.000007884
5-th percentile	3.050650843
Q1	3.25116847
median	3.501583401
Q3	3.751156102
95-th percentile	3.950891801
Maximum	3.999991252
Range	0.9999833682
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.499987632

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2890080023
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.08255075402
Kurtosis	-1.200833688
Mean	3.500973501
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2500108177
Skewness	-0.003180587228
Sum	350097.3501
Variance	0.08352562538
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.549269103	1	< 0.1%
3.741294157	1	< 0.1%
3.073145328	1	< 0.1%
3.783137208	1	< 0.1%
3.735869073	1	< 0.1%
3.747951788	1	< 0.1%
3.231159237	1	< 0.1%
3.402107639	1	< 0.1%
3.656322184	1	< 0.1%
3.056926425	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.000007884	1	< 0.1%
3.000008361	1	< 0.1%
3.000034237	1	< 0.1%
3.000041909	1	< 0.1%
3.000071193	1	< 0.1%
3.000084224	1	< 0.1%
3.000088539	1	< 0.1%
3.000095215	1	< 0.1%
3.000098103	1	< 0.1%
3.000100009	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.999991252	1	< 0.1%
3.999943813	1	< 0.1%
3.999904941	1	< 0.1%
3.999885095	1	< 0.1%
3.999878604	1	< 0.1%
3.999857626	1	< 0.1%
3.999856953	1	< 0.1%
3.999852514	1	< 0.1%
3.999852507	1	< 0.1%
3.999848931	1	< 0.1%

y2
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.49946812

Minimum	1.000009943
Maximum	1.999995449
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.000009943
5-th percentile	1.049964578
Q1	1.248836334
median	1.49852004
Q3	1.750667666
95-th percentile	1.949307986
Maximum	1.999995449
Range	0.9999855056
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.5018313326

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2887901719
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1925950729
Kurtosis	-1.201995403
Mean	1.49946812
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2510129411
Skewness	0.003516958565
Sum	149946.812
Variance	0.08339976339
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.220062681	1	< 0.1%
1.651804349	1	< 0.1%
1.480028234	1	< 0.1%
1.829464621	1	< 0.1%
1.660445608	1	< 0.1%
1.129771005	1	< 0.1%
1.142014808	1	< 0.1%
1.751412734	1	< 0.1%
1.782201468	1	< 0.1%
1.633059929	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.000009943	1	< 0.1%
1.0000358	1	< 0.1%
1.000070309	1	< 0.1%
1.000082136	1	< 0.1%
1.000132288	1	< 0.1%
1.000141909	1	< 0.1%
1.000143264	1	< 0.1%
1.000145221	1	< 0.1%
1.000148907	1	< 0.1%
1.000151663	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.999995449	1	< 0.1%
1.999984577	1	< 0.1%
1.999983972	1	< 0.1%
1.999957495	1	< 0.1%
1.999952047	1	< 0.1%
1.999947447	1	< 0.1%
1.999937682	1	< 0.1%
1.999937669	1	< 0.1%
1.999934113	1	< 0.1%
1.999931496	1	< 0.1%

z1
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.49965374

Minimum	3.00001609
Maximum	3.999984578
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3.00001609
5-th percentile	3.049623124
Q1	3.249744371
median	3.500034009
Q3	3.749513234
95-th percentile	3.951250738
Maximum	3.999984578
Range	0.9999684881
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.4997688635

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2889522965
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.08256596738
Kurtosis	-1.198844002
Mean	3.49965374
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2498376753
Skewness	0.00439655632
Sum	349965.374
Variance	0.08349342967
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.687449034	1	< 0.1%
3.110865205	1	< 0.1%
3.314112444	1	< 0.1%
3.332749852	1	< 0.1%
3.73700494	1	< 0.1%
3.097204091	1	< 0.1%
3.058136006	1	< 0.1%
3.048497382	1	< 0.1%
3.165385568	1	< 0.1%
3.766649555	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.00001609	1	< 0.1%
3.000026423	1	< 0.1%
3.000030954	1	< 0.1%
3.000041355	1	< 0.1%
3.00005097	1	< 0.1%
3.000051981	1	< 0.1%
3.000054986	1	< 0.1%
3.000057042	1	< 0.1%
3.000058863	1	< 0.1%
3.000060719	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.999984578	1	< 0.1%
3.999961284	1	< 0.1%
3.999958206	1	< 0.1%
3.999955644	1	< 0.1%
3.999953128	1	< 0.1%
3.999947953	1	< 0.1%
3.999926711	1	< 0.1%
3.999907525	1	< 0.1%
3.999898677	1	< 0.1%
3.999886395	1	< 0.1%

z2
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.501224331

Minimum	1.00001223
Maximum	1.999989857
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.00001223
5-th percentile	1.050695473
Q1	1.250447426
median	1.502058621
Q3	1.752104598
95-th percentile	1.950350897
Maximum	1.999989857
Range	0.9999776267
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.5016571717

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2889398688
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1924694816
Kurtosis	-1.20310883
Mean	1.501224331
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.2508835962
Skewness	-0.004460869805
Sum	150122.4331
Variance	0.08348624777
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.096634233	1	< 0.1%
1.274429108	1	< 0.1%
1.577208954	1	< 0.1%
1.061973652	1	< 0.1%
1.275402704	1	< 0.1%
1.584113554	1	< 0.1%
1.735991785	1	< 0.1%
1.20044474	1	< 0.1%
1.157304764	1	< 0.1%
1.624950994	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.00001223	1	< 0.1%
1.000017722	1	< 0.1%
1.000022106	1	< 0.1%
1.000048434	1	< 0.1%
1.000062213	1	< 0.1%
1.000063199	1	< 0.1%
1.000094027	1	< 0.1%
1.000103267	1	< 0.1%
1.000108858	1	< 0.1%
1.000111353	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.999989857	1	< 0.1%
1.999957918	1	< 0.1%
1.999955939	1	< 0.1%
1.999948467	1	< 0.1%
1.999943386	1	< 0.1%
1.999927787	1	< 0.1%
1.999925525	1	< 0.1%
1.999923666	1	< 0.1%
1.999916008	1	< 0.1%
1.999913752	1	< 0.1%

target
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	100000
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.2852173208

Minimum	0.05562133742
Maximum	1.266845902
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	781.4 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.05562133742
5-th percentile	0.1311316623
Q1	0.196685105
median	0.2622717308
Q3	0.3478018986
95-th percentile	0.5175310634
Maximum	1.266845902
Range	1.211224565
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1511167936

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1229473334
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4310654523
Kurtosis	2.669974328
Mean	0.2852173208
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.07304549469
Skewness	1.258498525
Sum	28521.73208
Variance	0.01511604679
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.3124123531	1	< 0.1%
0.1413061528	1	< 0.1%
0.3152340224	1	< 0.1%
0.1625849428	1	< 0.1%
0.1237703496	1	< 0.1%
0.2967764078	1	< 0.1%
0.3499496949	1	< 0.1%
0.2690173785	1	< 0.1%
0.2868241023	1	< 0.1%
0.3019849988	1	< 0.1%
Other values (99990)	99990	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.05562133742	1	< 0.1%
0.05800507938	1	< 0.1%
0.05889266011	1	< 0.1%
0.06090548119	1	< 0.1%
0.06190922396	1	< 0.1%
0.062117776	1	< 0.1%
0.0637630738	1	< 0.1%
0.06400483768	1	< 0.1%
0.06438150629	1	< 0.1%
0.06517027064	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.266845902	1	< 0.1%
1.218818019	1	< 0.1%
1.215081964	1	< 0.1%
1.20278291	1	< 0.1%
1.193248265	1	< 0.1%
1.188619663	1	< 0.1%
1.17545408	1	< 0.1%
1.172673612	1	< 0.1%
1.169092303	1	< 0.1%
1.160427185	1	< 0.1%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	m1	m2	G	x1	x2	y1	y2	z1	z2	target
0	1.859444	1.589649	1.597527	3.298641	1.573143	3.549269	1.220063	3.687449	1.096634	0.312412
1	1.031807	1.190607	1.289690	3.721903	1.287928	3.576842	1.614692	3.687984	1.049526	0.094669
2	1.994773	1.836784	1.055612	3.446554	1.611836	3.341293	1.399240	3.468544	1.284800	0.324842
3	1.254928	1.525563	1.998697	3.136223	1.149845	3.915713	1.984126	3.508754	1.738805	0.353991
4	1.954277	1.081331	1.652477	3.035366	1.613319	3.889543	1.731248	3.303851	1.365071	0.334509
5	1.284119	1.220412	1.591030	3.459882	1.697523	3.003042	1.848128	3.757516	1.216395	0.228814
6	1.854373	1.955208	1.476976	3.961965	1.406758	3.211765	1.452546	3.482526	1.972474	0.449846
7	1.274799	1.676455	1.672299	3.459264	1.708202	3.063215	1.896684	3.851636	1.912217	0.436467
8	1.962587	1.266963	1.544482	3.680586	1.182193	3.201714	1.026884	3.002208	1.088225	0.262408
9	1.581714	1.811161	1.122120	3.308275	1.571097	3.554223	1.877331	3.354646	1.116925	0.296626

Last rows

	m1	m2	G	x1	x2	y1	y2	z1	z2	target
99990	1.789830	1.303790	1.783736	3.437120	1.776403	3.599156	1.230478	3.256637	1.857797	0.403130
99991	1.170474	1.588978	1.884198	3.338148	1.227853	3.783754	1.109132	3.536174	1.819328	0.240774
99992	1.999179	1.177673	1.149151	3.960502	1.936735	3.108047	1.177211	3.766868	1.593209	0.215605
99993	1.018665	1.542628	1.420556	3.162936	1.546648	3.655782	1.533598	3.441919	1.295503	0.190417
99994	1.535388	1.100589	1.078627	3.358468	1.893264	3.632984	1.277138	3.663347	1.728158	0.159302
99995	1.257859	1.925201	1.913781	3.482732	1.524970	3.579403	1.795791	3.264531	1.994627	0.537221
99996	1.060414	1.002741	1.272041	3.244259	1.281241	3.329793	1.176842	3.948498	1.660631	0.098564
99997	1.274333	1.832953	1.148115	3.120524	1.898137	3.297192	1.105528	3.941458	1.468438	0.216037
99998	1.786628	1.802600	1.575999	3.697579	1.056555	3.613965	1.212619	3.133537	1.122068	0.302346
99999	1.817986	1.707359	1.365337	3.917796	1.498102	3.715280	1.956060	3.323244	1.738438	0.369759

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows